This list includes many of the common large shrubs of Canada, as well as the trees. Many of the trees on this list are introduced as ornamentals or for food and are not common in Canada. Also due to the vast area of Canada, a tree that is common in one area, may be completely absent or unable to grow in another area. In particular many warm-temperate trees can only be grown on the mild Pacific coast (where gardens may contain many additional species not listed here).
See also Provincial tree emblems of Canada for the official trees of the Provinces and Territories of Canada.
Abies firs
- amabilis Pacific Silver Fir
- balsamea Balsam Fir
- bifolia Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir
- concolor White Fir - introduced
- grandis Grand Fir
- lasiocarpa Coast Range Subalpine Fir
- magnifica Red Fir - introduced
- nordmanniana Nordmann Fir - introduced
- pinsapo Spanish Fir - introduced
- procera Noble Fir - introduced
Araucaria
Cedrus cedars
Chamaecyparis
Cryptomeria
- Cryptomeria japonica Sugi - introduced
Cupressus
- arizonica Arizona Cypress - introduced
- macrocarpa Monterey Cypress - introduced
- nootkatensis Nootka Cypress, "Yellow-cedar" (previously included in Chamaecyparis)
Juniperus junipers
Larix larches
- decidua European Larch - introduced
- gmelinii Dahurian Larch - introduced
- kaempferi Japanese Larch - introduced
- laricina Tamarack Larch
- lyallii Subalpine Larch
- occidentalis Western Larch
- sibirica Siberian Larch - introduced
Metasequoia
Picea spruces
Pinus pines
Platycladus
Pseudotsuga
Sciadopitys
Sequoia
Sequoiadendron
Taxodium baldcypresses
Taxus yews
- baccata English Yew - introduced
- brevifolia Western Yew
- canadensis Canada Yew
- cuspidata Japanese Yew - introduced
Thuja thujas
Tsuga hemlocks
Ginkgo
- Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo - introduced
Acer maples
Aesculus buckeyes and horse-chestnuts
- x carnea Red horse-chestnut - introduced
- glabra Ohio buckeye
- hippocastanum European horse-chestnut - introduced
Ailanthus
Alnus alders
- glutinosa Black alder - introduced
- incana Speckled alder
- rubra Red alder
- serrulata Hazel alder
- viridis Green alder
Amelanchier serviceberries
- alnifolia Saskatoon berry
- arborea Downy serviceberry
- bartramiana Mountain serviceberry
- florida Pacific serviceberry
- laevis Smooth serviceberry
- sanguinea Roundleaf serviceberry
Aralia
Arbutus
Asimina
Betula birches
- alleghaniensis Yellow birch
- x caerulea Blueleaf birch
- cordifolia Mountain paper birch
- kenaica Kenai paper birch
- lenta Cherry birch
- neoalaskana Alaska paper birch
- occidentalis Water birch
- papyrifera White birch
- pendula Silver birch - introduced
- populifolia Gray birch
Caragana
- Caragana arborescens Siberian pea-tree - introduced
Carpinus hornbeams
- betulus European hornbeam - introduced
- caroliniana American hornbeam
Carya hickories
- cordiformis Bitternut hickory
- glabra Pignut hickory
- laciniosa Shellbark hickory
- ovata Shagbark hickory
Castanea chestnuts
- dentata American chestnut
- mollissima Chinese chestnut - introduced
Catalpa catalpas
- bignonioides Southern catalpa - introduced
- ovata Japanese catalpa - introduced
- speciosa Northern catalpa - introduced
Celtis hackberries
- occidentalis Hackberry
- tenuifolia Dwarf hackberry
Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-bush
Cercidiphyllum
- Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura-tree - introduced
Cercis
Cladrastis
- Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood - introduced
Cornus dogwoods
- alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood
- florida Eastern flowering dogwood
- kousa Kousa dogwood - introduced
- mas Cornelian-cherry - introduced
- nuttallii Western flowering dogwood
Corylus hazels
- americana American hazel
- avellana European hazel - introduced
- colurna Turkish hazel - introduced
- cornuta Beaked hazel
- maxima Filbert - introduced
Cotinus
- Cotinus coggygria Smokebush - introduced
Crataegus Hawthorns - too many species to list.
Elaeagnus
- angustifolia Russian-olive - introduced
- commutata Silverberry
Euonymus Euonymus
- alatus Winged euonymus - introduced
- atropurpureus Burning-bush euonymus
- europaeus European spindle - introduced
- fortunei Winter-creeper euonymus - introduced
Fagus beeches
Fraxinus ashes
- americana White ash
- excelsior European ash - introduced
- latifolia Oregon ash
- nigra Black ash
- pennsylvanica Red and Green ashes
- profunda Pumpkin ash
- quadrangulata Blue ash
Gleditsia
- Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-locust
Gymnocladus
Hamamelis
Hippophae
Ilex hollies
- aquifolium English holly - introduced
- opaca American holly - introduced
- verticillata Common winterberry
Juglans walnuts
- cineria Butternut
- nigra Black walnut
- regia Persian walnut - introduced
Laburnum
- Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum - introduced
Liquidambar
- Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum - introduced
Liriodendron
Maclura
Magnolia magnolias
- acuminata Cucumber tree
- x soulangeana Saucer magnolia - introduced
Malus apples
- baccata Siberian crab apple - introduced
- coronaria Wild crab apple
- fusca Pacific crab apple
- sylvestris Common apple - introduced
Morus mulberries
- alba White mulberry - introduced
- rubra Red mulberry
Myrica
- Myrica californica Pacific bayberry
Nemopanthus
- Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain holly
Nyssa
Ostrya
- Ostrya virginiana American hornbeam or Ironwood
Phellodendron
- Phellodendron amurense Amur cork-tree - introduced
Platanus planes
- x acerifolia London plane - introduced
- occidentalis American sycamore
Populus poplars, aspens, cottonwoods
- x acuminata Lanceleaf cottonwood
- alba White poplar - introduced
- angustifolia Narrowleaf cottonwood
- balsamifera Balsam poplar
- x canadensis Carolina poplar - introduced
- deltoides Eastern Cottonwood
- grandidentata Bigtooth aspen
- x jackii Jack's hybrid poplar
- nigra Black poplar, Lombardy poplar
- simonii Simon's poplar
- tremuloides Trembling aspen
- trichocarpa Black cottonwood
Prunus cherries, plums, peaches
- americana American plum
- armeniaca Apricot - introduced
- avium Sweet cherry - introduced
- cerasus Sour cherry - introduced
- emarginata Bitter cherry
- maackii Amur chokecherry - introduced
- nigra Canada plum
- pensylvanica Pin cherry
- serotina Black cherry
- serrulata Japanese flowering cherry - introduced
- virginiana Chokecherry
Ptelea
Pyrus pears
- Pyrus communis Common pear
Quercus oaks
Rhamnus buckthorns
- cathartica European buckthorn - introduced
- frangula Glossy buckthorn - introduced
- purshiana Cascara buckthorn
Rhododendron rhododendrons
- macrophyllum Pacific rhododendron
- maximum Rosebay rhododendron - introduced
- ponticum Pontic rhododendron - introduced
Rhus sumacs
- copallina Shining sumac
- glabra Smooth sumac
- typhina Staghorn sumac
Robinia
Sassafras
Salix willows - too many species to list.
Sambucus elder
- callicarpa Red-berry elder
- canadensis American elder
- cerulea Blue-berry elder
- melanocarpa Black-berry elder
- pubens Eastern red-berry elder
Shepherdia
- Shepherdia argentea Silver buffalo-berry
Sorbus rowans
- americana American Rowan or mountain-ash
- aucuparia European rowan - introduced
- decora Showy Rowan or mountain-ash
- sitchensis Sitka Rowan or mountain-ash
Syringa
- Syringa vulgaris Common lilac
Tilia lindens
Toxicodendron
- Toxicodendron vernix Poison-sumac
Ulmus elms
- americana American elm or White elm
- glabra Wych elm - introduced
- procera English elm - introduced
- pumila Siberian elm - introduced
- rubra Slippery elm
- thomasii Rock elm
Viburnum viburnums
- edule Squashberry
- lantana Wayfaring-tree - introduced
- lentago Sweet viburnum, nannyberry
- opulus Wayfaring tree - introduced
- trilobus Highbush viburnum
Zanthoxylum
- Zanthoxylum americanum Common prickly-ash
Zelkova
- Zelkova serrata Japanese zelkova - introduced
