Temes (Hungarian, in Romanian: Timiş, in Serbian: Tamiš) is the name of administrative county (comitatus) of the historic Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in south-western Romania and northern Serbia (eastern Vojvodina). The capital of the county was Timişoara (in Hungarian: Temesvár, in Serbian: Temišvar).
Geography
Temes county is part of the Banat region. It shared borders with Serbia and the Hungarian counties Torontál, Arad and Krassó-Szörény. The river Danube formed its southern border, and the river Mureş/Maros its northern border. The river Timiş flowed through the county. Its area was 7433 km² around 1910.
History
Temes county was formed in the 11th century. The county was taken by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. After the Banat was captured by the Austrians, the county fell alternately under Austrian and Hungarian rule. Temes county was recreated when the Banat was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary in the 1860s.
In 1918 (confirmed by the Treaty of Trianon 1920), most of the county became part of Romania. The southernmost part (approx. 1/3) became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia).
The Yugoslavian part of pre-1918 Temes county (the southern Banat region) is presently part of Serbia, autonomous region Vojvodina. The Romanian part is now part of Timiş county, except a 10 km wide strip along the river Mureş, which is in the Romanian county Arad.
Districts
In the early 20th century, the districts and their capitals were:
- Timişoara (Hungarian: Temesvár)
- Vršac (Hungarian: Versec)
- Aradu Nou (Hungarian: Újarad), presently a suburb of Arad
- Lipova (Hungarian: Lippa)
- Vinga
- Recaş (Hungarian: Temesrékas)
- Buziaş (Hungarian: Buziasfürdő)
- Ciacova (Hungarian: Csák)
- Deta (Hungarian: Detta)
- Bela Crkva (Hungarian: Fehértemplom)
- Kovin (Hungarian: Kevevára)
Urban counties:
Urban district:
- Bela Crkva (Hungarian: Fehértemplom)
The towns Vršac, Bela Crkva , and Kovin are presently in Serbia, the other mentioned towns are presently in Romania.
